European defence markets: overcoming national preference and external dependence
paper published as part of the European University Institute report: pdf...
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Could a Hormuz toll solve the oil crisis and who pays?
With a return to the pre-Iran conflict energy status quo unlikely, a Hormuz toll may be the next best option – but Gulf states would pay the most. I discuss the tax incidence of a toll. My piece for Bruegel, covered in N...
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Greener but thinner? Assessing green bond market liquidity
New scientific working paper (pdf) Since the first green bond was issued in 2007, the market has expanded significantly and now accounts for around 3% of the global bond universe. We study the liquidity of green bonds. I...
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Reforming European defence procurement to boost military innovation and startups
European defence procurement practices must evolve to embrace innovative startups and small firms, in order to meet modern battlefield needs New Bruegel policy brief is here. Covered by Reuters and FT among others....
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Greenland is not marginal: the US takeover threat is a strategic test for Europe
European powers should provide backing for Nuuk and Copenhagen by establishing a greater military presence in Greenland. Versions of this First Glance have been published in Le Monde and in Handelsblatt. Following the 2 ...
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Understanding US foreign military sales globally since 2008: an analysis of a new dataset
This paper introduces a new and unique dataset of all United States Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programme notifications from 2008 to September 2025. The dataset covers purchasing countries, specific equipment ...
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Climate, data and complacency
Why economists need to take the costs of climate change more seriously Podcast is available here....
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Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales and what to do about it
Our Bruegel policy brief is available here. Press: Financial Times, FAZ , El Pais, Oped: Handelsblatt, La libre belgique, To vima, Rzeczpospolita, Economista, Executive summary Worries about Europe’s dependence on the Un...
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