# Publications

The governance and funding of European rearmament

Europe must accelerate rearmament through deeper cooperation and innovative governance to counter Russia’s aggression and shifting US policies. Our policy presented at the informal ECOFIN meeting in Warsaw on 12 April (l...

8th April 2025 by Guntram Wolff, Armin Steinbach, Jeromin Zettelmeyer 10 views

# Publications

Defending Europe without the US: first estimates of what is needed

Study for Bruegel and Kiel Institute. Lot’s of press coverage, including FT, Politico, Economist, FAZ, Spiegel, Bloomberg, Le Monde, AFP, Les Echos, a video discussion on Deutsche Welle and many many others. Also r...

24th February 2025 by Alex Burilkov, Guntram Wolff 24 views

# Publications

Getting serious about European defence intergration: The European Defence Community precedent

a working paper published here....

# Blog, Publications

Can American Abandonment Help Europe?

The Continent Has a Chance to Address Its Own Weaknesses – Our piece in Foreign Affairs...

7th January 2025 by Arancha González Laya, Camille Grand, Katarzyna Pisarska, Nathalie Tocci, and Guntram Wolff 34 views

# Blog, Publications

The US defence industrial base can no longer reliably supply Europe

Europe has long relied on US weapons but the US military industrial base faces constraints and its production may be redirected elsewhere. Our piece for Bruegel....

18th December 2024 by Alexander Burilkov, Juan Mejino López, Guntram Wolff 36 views

# Publications

A European defence industrial strategy in a hostile world

Bruegel Policy Brief (here) Executive summary Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine has brought war back to Europe. Failing to stop Russia’s aggression would leave Europe at a critical disadvantage for decades, with a lon...

26th November 2024 by Juan Mejino-Lopez, Guntram Wolff 38 views

# Publications

Fit for war in decades: Europe’s and Germany’s slow rearmament vis-a-vis Russia

War is back in Europe and as it becomes long-lasting, the question of armament gains central im-portance. This report finds that Russian military industrial capacities have been rising strongly in the last two years, wel...

11th September 2024 by Guntram Wolff, Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell, Ivan Kharitonov 160 views

# Publications

Memo to the commissioner responsible for defence

You face the major challenges of Russian imperialism in the context of a potential United States retreat from Europe and a complex EU defence situation in which defence governance is spread across EU countries and variou...

5th September 2024 by Guntram Wolff 119 views

# Blog, Publications

What role do imports play in European defence?

The European Union wants to reduce reliance on imported defence equipment, but the reliance seems to be overstated. Our analysis for Bruegel The European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS), published in March 2024, propo...

4th July 2024 by Juan Mejino Lopez, Guntram B. Wolff 140 views

# Blog, Publications

Debt financing European air defence

A case can be made for financing European air defence through issuance of EU debt. Our analysis on Bruegel. Introduction Ukraine is not the only part of Europe vulnerable to missiles and air attacks[1]. Cu...

28th June 2024 by Armin Steinbach, Guntram Wolff 145 views